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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Application virtualization</span></span>

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<p><b>Application virtualization</b> is a software technology that encapsulates <a href="Computer_program" title="Computer program">computer programs</a> from the underlying <a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> on which they are executed. A fully <a href="Virtualized" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtualized">virtualized</a> application is not installed in the traditional sense,<sup id="cite_ref-AppVTechnicalOverview_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AppVTechnicalOverview-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although it is still executed as if it were. The application behaves at runtime like it is directly interfacing with the original operating system and all the resources managed by it, but can be isolated or <a href="Sandbox_(computer_security)" title="Sandbox (computer security)">sandboxed</a> to varying degrees.

</p><p>In this context, the term "virtualization" refers to the artifact being encapsulated (application), which is quite different from its meaning in <a href="Hardware_virtualization" title="Hardware virtualization">hardware virtualization</a>, where it refers to the artifact being abstracted (physical hardware).

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2></div>

<p>Full application virtualization requires a virtualization layer.<sup id="cite_ref-Husain_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Husain-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Application virtualization layers replace part of the <a href="Runtime_environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Runtime environment">runtime environment</a> normally provided by the operating system. The layer intercepts all disk operations of virtualized applications and transparently redirects them to a virtualized location, often a single file.<sup id="cite_ref-Gurr_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gurr-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The application remains unaware that it accesses a virtual resource instead of a physical one. Since the application is now working with one file instead of many files spread throughout the system, it becomes easy to run the application on a different computer and previously incompatible applications can be run side by side.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Benefits">Benefits</h2></div>

<p>Application virtualization allows applications to run in environments that do not suit the native application. For example, <a href="Wine_(software)" title="Wine (software)">Wine</a> allows some <a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> applications to run on <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>.

</p><p>Application virtualization reduces system integration and administration costs by maintaining a common software baseline across multiple diverse computers in an organization. Lesser integration protects the operating system and other applications from poorly written or buggy code. In some cases, it provides memory protection, <a href="Integrated_development_environment" title="Integrated development environment">IDE-style</a> <a href="Debugging" title="Debugging">debugging</a> features and may even run applications that are not written correctly, for example applications that try to store user data in a read-only system-owned location. (This feature assists in the implementation of the <a href="Principle_of_least_privilege" title="Principle of least privilege">principle of least privilege</a> by removing the requirement for end-users to have administrative privileges in order to run poorly written applications.) It allows incompatible applications to run side by side, at the same time<sup id="cite_ref-CSFB_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSFB-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and with minimal regression testing against one another.<sup id="cite_ref-VistaAppCompat_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VistaAppCompat-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Isolating applications from the operating system has security benefits as well, as the exposure of the virtualized application does not automatically entail the exposure of the entire OS.<sup id="cite_ref-CSFB_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSFB-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Application virtualization also enables simplified <a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> migrations.<sup id="cite_ref-CSFB_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSFB-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Applications can be transferred to <a href="Removable_media" title="Removable media">removable media</a> or between computers without the need of installing them, becoming <a href="Portable_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable software">portable software</a>.

</p><p>Application virtualization uses fewer resources than a separate <a href="Virtual_machine" title="Virtual machine">virtual machine</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Limitations">Limitations</h2></div>

<p>Not all computer programs can be virtualized. Some examples include applications that require a <a href="Device_driver" title="Device driver">device driver</a> (a form of integration with the OS) and <a href="16-bit" class="mw-redirect" title="16-bit">16-bit</a> applications that need to run in shared memory space.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Anti-virus_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-virus program">Anti-virus programs</a> and applications that require heavy OS integration, such as <a href="WindowBlinds" title="WindowBlinds">WindowBlinds</a> or <a href="StyleXP" title="StyleXP">StyleXP</a> are difficult to virtualize.

</p><p>Moreover, in software licensing, application virtualization bears great licensing pitfalls mainly because both the application virtualization software and the virtualized applications must be correctly licensed.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>While application virtualization can address file and <a href="Windows_Registry" title="Windows Registry">Registry</a>-level compatibility issues between legacy applications and newer operating systems, applications that don't manage the <a href="Dynamic_memory_allocation" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamic memory allocation">heap</a> correctly will not execute on Windows Vista as they still allocate memory in the same way, regardless of whether they are virtualized.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For this reason, specialist application compatibility fixes (shims) may still be needed, even if the application is virtualized.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Functional discrepancies within the multicompatibility model are an additional limitation, where utility-driven access points are shared within a public network. These limitations are overcome by designating a system level share point driver.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_technologies">Related technologies</h2></div>

<p>Technology categories that fall under application virtualization include:

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Application_streaming" title="Application streaming">Application streaming</a>. Pieces of the application's code, data, and settings are delivered when they're first needed, instead of the entire application being delivered before startup. Running the packaged application may require the installation of a lightweight client application. Packages are usually delivered over a protocol such as HTTP, <a href="CIFS" class="mw-redirect" title="CIFS">CIFS</a> or <a href="RTSP" class="mw-redirect" title="RTSP">RTSP</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CSFB_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSFB-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><a href="Remote_Desktop_Services" title="Remote Desktop Services">Remote Desktop Services</a> (formerly called Terminal Services) is a server-based computing/presentation virtualization component of Microsoft Windows that allows a user to access applications and data hosted on a remote computer over a network. Remote Desktop Services sessions run in a single shared-server operating system (e.g. <a href="Windows_Server_2008_R2" title="Windows Server 2008 R2">Windows Server 2008 R2</a> and later) and are accessed using the <a href="Remote_Desktop_Protocol" title="Remote Desktop Protocol">Remote Desktop Protocol</a>.</li>

<li><a href="Desktop_virtualization" title="Desktop virtualization">Desktop virtualization</a> software technologies improve portability, manageability and compatibility of a personal computer's desktop environment by separating part or all of the desktop environment and associated applications from the physical client device that is used to access it. A common implementation of this approach is to host multiple desktop operating system instances on a server hardware platform running a hypervisor. This is generally referred to as "virtual desktop infrastructure" (VDI).</li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Workspace_virtualization" title="Workspace virtualization">Workspace virtualization</a></li>

<li><a href="OS-level_virtualization" title="OS-level virtualization">OS-level virtualization</a> ("containerization")</li>

<li><a href="Portable_application_creators" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable application creators">Portable application creators</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_application_virtualization_software" title="Comparison of application virtualization software">Comparison of application virtualization software</a></li>

<li><a href="Shim_(computing)" title="Shim (computing)">Shim (computing)</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_application" title="Virtual application">Virtual application</a></li>

<li><a href="Emulator" title="Emulator">Emulator</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microsoft.com/systemcenter/appv/techoverview.mspx">"Microsoft Application Virtualization Technical Overview"</a>. <i>microsoft.com</i>. <a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFEnzler2003" class="citation book cs1">Enzler, R (2003). "Virtualizing Hardware with Multi-context Reconfigurable Arrays". <i>Field Programmable Logic and Application</i>. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 2778. pp. <span class="nowrap">151–</span>160. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-540-45234-8_16">10.1007/978-3-540-45234-8_16</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-3-540-40822-2</bdi>.</cite></span>

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</style><div id="Virtualization_software371" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Virtualization" title="Virtualization">Virtualization</a> software</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="Comparison_of_platform_virtualization_software" title="Comparison of platform virtualization software">Comparison of platform virtualization software</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Hardware_virtualization" title="Hardware virtualization">Hardware</a><br>(<a href="Hypervisor" title="Hypervisor">hypervisors</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Native</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Adaptive_Domain_Environment_for_Operating_Systems" title="Adaptive Domain Environment for Operating Systems">Adeos</a></li>

<li><a href="Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V">Hyper-V</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="OVirt" title="OVirt">oVirt</a></li>

<li>KubeVirt</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Oracle_VM_Server_for_SPARC" title="Oracle VM Server for SPARC">LDoms / Oracle VM Server for SPARC</a></li>

<li><a href="Logical_partition" title="Logical partition">Logical partition</a> (LPAR)</li>

<li><a href="LynxSecure" title="LynxSecure">LynxSecure</a></li>

<li><a href="PikeOS" title="PikeOS">PikeOS</a></li>

<li><a href="Proxmox_Virtual_Environment" title="Proxmox Virtual Environment">Proxmox VE</a></li>

<li><a href="SIMMON" title="SIMMON">SIMMON</a></li>

<li><a href="VMware_ESXi" title="VMware ESXi">VMware ESXi</a>

<ul><li><a href="VMware_vSphere" title="VMware vSphere">VMware vSphere</a></li>

<li><a href="VCloud_Air" title="VCloud Air">vCloud</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="VMware_Infrastructure" title="VMware Infrastructure">VMware Infrastructure</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="XenServer" class="mw-redirect" title="XenServer">XenServer</a></li>

<li><a href="XtratuM" title="XtratuM">XtratuM</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hosted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Basilisk_II" title="Basilisk II">Basilisk II</a></li>

<li><a href="Bochs" title="Bochs">Bochs</a></li>

<li><a href="Cooperative_Linux" title="Cooperative Linux">Cooperative Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="DOSBox" title="DOSBox">DOSBox</a></li>

<li><a href="DOSEMU" title="DOSEMU">DOSEMU</a></li>

<li><a href="PikeOS" title="PikeOS">PikeOS</a></li>

<li><a href="SheepShaver" title="SheepShaver">SheepShaver</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_on_Windows" title="Windows on Windows">Windows on Windows</a>

<ul><li><a href="Virtual_DOS_machine" title="Virtual DOS machine">Virtual DOS machine</a></li></ul></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bhyve" title="Bhyve">bhyve</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Virtual_Server" title="Microsoft Virtual Server">Microsoft Virtual Server</a></li>

<li><a href="Parallels_Workstation" title="Parallels Workstation">Parallels Workstation</a> (<a href="Parallels_Workstation_Extreme" title="Parallels Workstation Extreme">Extreme</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Parallels_Desktop_for_Mac" title="Parallels Desktop for Mac">Parallels Desktop for Mac</a></li>

<li><a href="Parallels_Server_for_Mac" class="mw-redirect" title="Parallels Server for Mac">Parallels Server for Mac</a></li>

<li><a href="PearPC" title="PearPC">PearPC</a></li>

<li><a href="VirtualBox" title="VirtualBox">VirtualBox</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_Iron" title="Virtual Iron">Virtual Iron</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_PC" title="Virtual PC">Virtual PC</a></li>

<li><a href="VMware_Fusion" title="VMware Fusion">VMware Fusion</a></li>

<li><a href="VMware_Server" title="VMware Server">VMware Server</a></li>

<li><a href="VMware_Workstation" title="VMware Workstation">VMware Workstation</a> (<a href="VMware_Workstation_Player" title="VMware Workstation Player">Player</a>)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ganeti" title="Ganeti">Ganeti</a></li>

<li><a href="System_Center_Virtual_Machine_Manager" title="System Center Virtual Machine Manager">System Center Virtual Machine Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Virt-manager" title="Virt-manager">Virt-manager</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="OS-level_virtualization" title="OS-level virtualization">Operating<br>system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">OS containers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="FreeBSD_jail" title="FreeBSD jail">FreeBSD jail</a></li>

<li>iCore Virtual Accounts</li>

<li><a href="Linux-VServer" title="Linux-VServer">Linux-VServer</a></li>

<li><a href="LXC" title="LXC">Linux Containers</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenVZ" title="OpenVZ">OpenVZ</a></li>

<li><a href="Solaris_Containers" title="Solaris Containers">Solaris Containers</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtuozzo_(company)#Software" title="Virtuozzo (company)">Virtuozzo</a></li>

<li><a href="Workload_Partitions" title="Workload Partitions">Workload Partitions</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Application containers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Docker_(software)" title="Docker (software)">Docker</a></li>

<li><a href="Podman" title="Podman">Podman</a></li>

<li><a href="Lmctfy" title="Lmctfy">lmctfy</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Virtual kernel architectures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Rump_kernel" title="Rump kernel">Rump kernel</a></li>

<li><a href="User-mode_Linux" title="User-mode Linux">User-mode Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="Vkernel" title="Vkernel">vkernel</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related kernel features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Solaris_Containers#Branded_zones" title="Solaris Containers">BrandZ</a></li>

<li><a href="Cgroups" title="Cgroups">cgroups</a></li>

<li><a href="Chroot" title="Chroot">chroot</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux_namespaces" title="Linux namespaces">namespaces</a></li>

<li><a href="Seccomp" title="Seccomp">seccomp</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orchestration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Amazon ECS</a></li>

<li><a href="Kubernetes" title="Kubernetes">Kubernetes</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenShift" title="OpenShift">OpenShift</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Desktop_virtualization" title="Desktop virtualization">Desktop</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Citrix_Virtual_Apps" title="Citrix Virtual Apps">Citrix Virtual Apps</a></li>

<li><a href="Citrix_Virtual_Desktops" title="Citrix Virtual Desktops">Citrix Virtual Desktops</a></li>

<li><a href="Remote_Desktop_Services" title="Remote Desktop Services">Remote Desktop Services</a></li>

<li><a href="VMware_Horizon" class="mw-redirect" title="VMware Horizon">VMware Horizon</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ceedo" title="Ceedo">Ceedo</a></li>

<li><a href="Citrix_Virtual_Apps" title="Citrix Virtual Apps">Citrix Virtual Apps</a></li>

<li><a href="Dalvik_(software)" title="Dalvik (software)">Dalvik</a></li>

<li><a href="InstallFree" title="InstallFree">InstallFree</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_App-V" title="Microsoft App-V">Microsoft App-V</a></li>

<li><a href="Remote_Desktop_Services" title="Remote Desktop Services">Remote Desktop Services</a></li>

<li><a href="Symantec_Workspace_Virtualization" title="Symantec Workspace Virtualization">Symantec Workspace Virtualization</a></li>

<li><a href="Turbo_(software)" title="Turbo (software)">Turbo</a></li>

<li><a href="VMware_ThinApp" title="VMware ThinApp">VMware ThinApp</a></li>

<li><a href="ZeroVM" title="ZeroVM">ZeroVM</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Network_virtualization" title="Network virtualization">Network</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Distributed_Overlay_Virtual_Ethernet" title="Distributed Overlay Virtual Ethernet">Distributed Overlay Virtual Ethernet</a> (DOVE)</li>

<li><a href="Ethernet_VPN" title="Ethernet VPN">Ethernet VPN</a> (EVPN)</li>

<li><a href="Network_Virtualization_using_Generic_Routing_Encapsulation" title="Network Virtualization using Generic Routing Encapsulation">NVGRE</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_vSwitch" title="Open vSwitch">Open vSwitch</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_security_switch" title="Virtual security switch">Virtual security switch</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_Extensible_LAN" title="Virtual Extensible LAN">Virtual Extensible LAN</a> (VXLAN)</li>

<li><a href="Generic_Network_Virtualization_Encapsulation" title="Generic Network Virtualization Encapsulation">Generic Network Virtualization Encapsulation</a> (GENEVE)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="BlueStacks" title="BlueStacks">BlueStacks</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="List_of_emulators" title="List of emulators">List of emulators</a>, <a href="List_of_computer_system_emulators" title="List of computer system emulators">List of computer system emulators</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-11" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Application_virtualization&oldid=1300023262">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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